#!/usr/local/bin/gawk -f
#!/usr/bin/awk -f
# @(#) userprocs.gawk 2.0 97/05/21
# 94/01/20 john h. dubois iii (john@armory.com)
# 94/02/11 Added all options.
# 95/05/03 Added a and n options.
# 96/05/09 2.0  Largely rewritten.  Made <minprocs> be given with -M.
#          Let users be named on command line.
# 96/10/09 Added r option.
# 97/05/21 Added s option.
# 97/05/31 Added xH options.

BEGIN {
    Name = "userprocs"
    Usage = \
    "Usage:\n"\
Name " [-ahHrs] [-n<num>] [-t<topusers>] [-c<cols>] [-M<minprocs>] [user ...]"
    ARGC = Opts(Name,Usage,"ahHrt<c<n>M>sx",0)
    if ("h" in Options) {
	printf \
"%s: show how many processes each user is running.\n"\
"%s \n"\
"One line is printed for each user who is running any processes, telling\n"\
"how many processes the user is running along with a summary of what they\n"\
"are.  Output is sorted by the total number of processes each user is\n"\
"running.  The output is truncated to COLUMNS-1 columns, and only the top\n"\
"LINES-2 lines are printed, where COLUMNS and LINES are taken from the\n"\
"environment if set.  If not, the values for the terminal type in use are\n"\
"used; if it has none, they default to 80 and 24 respectively.\n"\
"Options:\n"\
"-h: Print this help.\n"\
"-H: Print a header.\n"\
"-a: Instead of a per-user report, print a single report for all processes,\n"\
"    listing the number of instances of each process.  The output line is\n"\
"    not truncated.  This option also makes <num> as described for the -n\n"\
"    option default to two.\n"\
"-M<minprocs>: Report only on those users who are running at least\n"\
"    <minprocs> processes.  If all users running at least <minprocs>\n"\
"    processes should be reported on, regardless of how many such users\n"\
"    there are, -t0 should also be given.\n"\
"-n<num>: For each user, report only on processes that the user is running\n"\
"    at least <num> times.  If -a is given, report only on processes that\n"\
"    are running at least <num> times total.\n"\
"-r: Generate report based on real user IDs rather than effective user IDs.\n"\
"-s: Report only on users who have a shell listed in /etc/shells.\n"\
"-t<top>: Show information for the top <top> users running the most\n"\
"    processes.  If 0 is given, information is shown for all users running\n"\
"    processes.\n"\
"-c<columns>: Truncate the display to <columns> columns.  If 0 is given,\n"\
"    the display is not truncated.\n",Name,Usage,minUID
	exit(0)
    }

    Debug = "x" in Options
    if ((chkShell = ("s" in Options)) && !makeShellUser(ShellUser)) {
	print "Error reading /etc/shells or /etc/passwd" > "/dev/stderr"
	exit 1
    }
    Lines = Cols = 0
    LineGap = 2
    ColGap = 1
    if ("a" in Options) {
	AllRept = 1
	Lines = -1
	Cols = -1
	minProcInstances = 2
    }
    else
	minProcInstances = 1
    if ("n" in Options)
	minProcInstances = Options["n"]

    if ("t" in Options) {
	Lines = Options["t"]
	LineGap = 0
    }
    if ("c" in Options) {
	Cols = Options["c"]
	ColGap = 0
	if (!Cols)
	    Cols = -1
    }
    HeadTailInit(Lines,Cols,LineGap,ColGap)

    if ("M" in Options)
	minUserProcs = Options["M"]
    if (ARGC > 1)
	for (i = 1; i < ARGC; i++)
	    Users[ARGV[i]]

    # Gather process information
    if ((nprocs = getPS(PIDs,Data,
    ("r" in Options ? "RUSER" : "UID") ",COMM",Children,Debug,"")) < 0) {
	printf "%s: ps failed.\n",Name > "/dev/stderr"
	exit 1
    }
    delete PIDs["ps"]

    countProcs(PIDs,Data,AllRept,Users,chkShell,NProc,Procs)

    Format = "%-8s %3s  %s"
    if ("H" in Options)
	printf Format "\n","User","#","Processes"
    nus = Report(NProc,Procs,minUserProcs,minProcInstances,Format)
    if (!AllRept)
	# Print values before descriptions, so it will be obvious if
	# column truncation is occuring.
	ColPrint(\
	sprintf("%d user(s) reported on;  %d total process(es) on system.",
	nus,nprocs))
}

# AllRept: true if a summary for all users should be printed instead of a
# per-user report.
# Globals used: ShellUser[]
# Output vars:
# NProc[u] is set to the number of processes user u is running.
# Procs[u] is a string consisting of the process accounting name of all of the
# processes user u is running, separated by whitespace.
function countProcs(PIDs,Data,AllRept,Users,chkShell,NProc,Procs,
pid,u,uListGiven) {
    uListGiven = !IsEmpty(Users)
    # Count processes by user
    if (AllRept)
	u = "All"
    for (pid in PIDs) {
	if (!AllRept || uListGiven)
	    u = Data[pid,"UID"]
	# Skip processes we are not interested in
	if (uListGiven && !(u in Users) || chkShell && !(ShellUser[u]))
	    continue
	if (!((pid,"COMM") in Data)) {
	    printf "Error: pid %d not found in Data[]\n",pid > "/dev/stderr"
	    continue
	}
	NProc[u]++
	Procs[u] = Procs[u] " " Data[pid,"COMM"]
    }
}

function Report(NProc,Procs,minUserProcs,minProcInstances,Format,
nRep,u,nus,i,k) {
    nus = qsortArbIndByValue(NProc,k)
    for (i = nus; i; i--) {
	u = k[i]
	if (minUserProcs && NProc[u] < minUserProcs+0)
	    break
	PList = MakeProcList(Procs[u],minProcInstances)
	if (PList != "") {
	    nRep++
	    if (HeadPrint(sprintf(Format,u,NProc[u],PList)) != 1)
		break
	}
    }
    return nRep
}

# Sort processes by the number of times they are being run.
# Build a process count list.  Skip those being run less then Min times.
function MakeProcList(PList,Min,  Arr,NProcs,ProcCount,Num,Proc,Out,i,k) {
    NProcs = split(PList,Arr)
    for (i = 1; i <= NProcs; i++)
	ProcCount[Arr[i]]++
    qsortArbIndByValue(ProcCount,k)
    for (i = NProcs; i > 0; i--) {
	Proc = k[i]
	if (Proc == "")
	    continue
	Num = ProcCount[Proc]
	if (Num < Min)
	    break
	if (Out == "")
	    Out = Proc
	else
	    Out = Out " " Proc
	if (Num > 1)
	    Out = Out "*" Num
    }
    return Out
}
### end of main program

### Start of ProcArgs library
# @(#) ProcArgs 1.11 96/12/08
# 92/02/29 john h. dubois iii (john@armory.com)
# 93/07/18 Added "#" arg type
# 93/09/26 Do not count -h against MinArgs
# 94/01/01 Stop scanning at first non-option arg.  Added ">" option type.
#          Removed meaning of "+" or "-" by itself.
# 94/03/08 Added & option and *()< option types.
# 94/04/02 Added NoRCopt to Opts()
# 94/06/11 Mark numeric variables as such.
# 94/07/08 Opts(): Do not require any args if h option is given.
# 95/01/22 Record options given more than once.  Record option num in argv.
# 95/06/08 Added ExclusiveOptions().
# 96/01/20 Let rcfiles be a colon-separated list of filenames.
#          Expand $VARNAME at the start of its filenames.
#          Let varname=0 and -option- turn off an option.
# 96/05/05 Changed meaning of 7th arg to Opts; now can specify exactly how many
#          of the vars should be searched for in the environment.
#          Check for duplicate rcfiles.
# 96/05/13 Return more specific error values.  Note: ProcArgs() and InitOpts()
#          now return various negatives values on error, not just -1, and
#          Opts() may set Err to various positive values, not just 1.
#          Added AllowUnrecOpt.
# 96/05/23 Check type given for & option
# 96/06/15 Re-port to awk
# 96/10/01 Moved file-reading code into ReadConfFile(), so that it can be
#          used by other functions.
# 96/10/15 Added OptChars
# 96/11/01 Added exOpts arg to Opts()
# 96/11/16 Added ; type
# 96/12/08 Added Opt2Set() & Opt2Sets()
# 96/12/27 Added CmdLineOpt()

# optlist is a string which contains all of the possible command line options.
# A character followed by certain characters indicates that the option takes
# an argument, with type as follows:
# :	String argument
# ;	Non-empty string argument
# *	Floating point argument
# (	Non-negative floating point argument
# )	Positive floating point argument
# #	Integer argument
# <	Non-negative integer argument
# >	Positive integer argument
# The only difference the type of argument makes is in the runtime argument
# error checking that is done.

# The & option is a special case used to get numeric options without the
# user having to give an option character.  It is shorthand for [-+.0-9].
# If & is included in optlist and an option string that begins with one of
# these characters is seen, the value given to "&" will include the first
# char of the option.  & must be followed by a type character other than ":"
# or ";".
# Note that if e.g. &> is given, an option of -.5 will produce an error.

# Strings in argv[] which begin with "-" or "+" are taken to be
# strings of options, except that a string which consists solely of "-"
# or "+" is taken to be a non-option string; like other non-option strings,
# it stops the scanning of argv and is left in argv[].
# An argument of "--" or "++" also stops the scanning of argv[] but is removed.
# If an option takes an argument, the argument may either immediately
# follow it or be given separately.
# "-" and "+" options are treated the same.  "+" is allowed because most awks
# take any -options to be arguments to themselves.  gawk 2.15 was enhanced to
# stop scanning when it encounters an unrecognized option, though until 2.15.5
# this feature had a flaw that caused problems in some cases.  See the OptChars
# parameter to explicitly set the option-specifier characters.

# If an option that does not take an argument is given,
# an index with its name is created in Options and its value is set to the
# number of times it occurs in argv[].

# If an option that does take an argument is given, an index with its name is
# created in Options and its value is set to the value of the argument given
# for it, and Options[option-name,"count"] is (initially) set to the 1.
# If an option that takes an argument is given more than once,
# Options[option-name,"count"] is incremented, and the value is assigned to
# the index (option-name,instance) where instance is 2 for the second occurance
# of the option, etc.
# In other words, the first time an option with a value is encountered, the
# value is assigned to an index consisting only of its name; for any further
# occurances of the option, the value index has an extra (count) dimension.

# The sequence number for each option found in argv[] is stored in
# Options[option-name,"num",instance], where instance is 1 for the first
# occurance of the option, etc.  The sequence number starts at 1 and is
# incremented for each option, both those that have a value and those that
# do not.  Options set from a config file have a value of 0 assigned to this.

# Options and their arguments are deleted from argv.
# Note that this means that there may be gaps left in the indices of argv[].
# If compress is nonzero, argv[] is packed by moving its elements so that
# they have contiguous integer indices starting with 0.
# Option processing will stop with the first unrecognized option, just as
# though -- was given except that unlike -- the unrecognized option will not be
# removed from ARGV[].  Normally, an error value is returned in this case.
# If AllowUnrecOpt is true, it is not an error for an unrecognized option to
# be found, so the number of remaining arguments is returned instead.
# If OptChars is not a null string, it is the set of characters that indicate
# that an argument is an option string if the string begins with one of the
# characters.  A string consisting solely of two of the same option-indicator
# characters stops the scanning of argv[].  The default is "-+".
# argv[0] is not examined.
# The number of arguments left in argc is returned.
# If an error occurs, the global string OptErr is set to an error message
# and a negative value is returned.
# Current error values:
# -1: option that required an argument did not get it.
# -2: argument of incorrect type supplied for an option.
# -3: unrecognized (invalid) option.
function ProcArgs(argc,argv,OptList,Options,compress,AllowUnrecOpt,OptChars,
ArgNum,ArgsLeft,Arg,ArgLen,ArgInd,Option,Pos,NumOpt,Value,HadValue,specGiven,
NeedNextOpt,GotValue,OptionNum,Escape,dest,src,count,c,OptTerm,OptCharSet)
{
# ArgNum is the index of the argument being processed.
# ArgsLeft is the number of arguments left in argv.
# Arg is the argument being processed.
# ArgLen is the length of the argument being processed.
# ArgInd is the position of the character in Arg being processed.
# Option is the character in Arg being processed.
# Pos is the position in OptList of the option being processed.
# NumOpt is true if a numeric option may be given.
    ArgsLeft = argc
    NumOpt = index(OptList,"&")
    OptionNum = 0
    if (OptChars == "")
	OptChars = "-+"
    while (OptChars != "") {
	c = substr(OptChars,1,1)
	OptChars = substr(OptChars,2)
	OptCharSet[c]
	OptTerm[c c]
    }
    for (ArgNum = 1; ArgNum < argc; ArgNum++) {
	Arg = argv[ArgNum]
	if (length(Arg) < 2 || !((specGiven = substr(Arg,1,1)) in OptCharSet))
	    break	# Not an option; quit
	if (Arg in OptTerm) {
	    delete argv[ArgNum]
	    ArgsLeft--
	    break
	}
	ArgLen = length(Arg)
	for (ArgInd = 2; ArgInd <= ArgLen; ArgInd++) {
	    Option = substr(Arg,ArgInd,1)
	    if (NumOpt && Option ~ /[-+.0-9]/) {
		# If this option is a numeric option, make its flag be & and
		# its option string flag position be the position of & in
		# the option string.
		Option = "&"
		Pos = NumOpt
		# Prefix Arg with a char so that ArgInd will point to the
		# first char of the numeric option.
		Arg = "&" Arg
		ArgLen++
	    }
	    # Find position of flag in option string, to get its type (if any).
	    # Disallow & as literal flag.
	    else if (!(Pos = index(OptList,Option)) || Option == "&") {
		if (AllowUnrecOpt) {
		    Escape = 1
		    break
		}
		else {
		    OptErr = "Invalid option: " specGiven Option
		    return -3
		}
	    }

	    # Find what the value of the option will be if it takes one.
	    # NeedNextOpt is true if the option specifier is the last char of
	    # this arg, which means that if the option requires a value it is
	    # the next arg.
	    if (NeedNextOpt = (ArgInd >= ArgLen)) { # Value is the next arg
		if (GotValue = ArgNum + 1 < argc)
		    Value = argv[ArgNum+1]
	    }
	    else {	# Value is included with option
		Value = substr(Arg,ArgInd + 1)
		GotValue = 1
	    }

	    if (HadValue = AssignVal(Option,Value,Options,
	    substr(OptList,Pos + 1,1),GotValue,"",++OptionNum,!NeedNextOpt,
	    specGiven)) {
		if (HadValue < 0)	# error occured
		    return HadValue
		if (HadValue == 2)
		    ArgInd++	# Account for the single-char value we used.
		else {
		    if (NeedNextOpt) {	# option took next arg as value
			delete argv[++ArgNum]
			ArgsLeft--
		    }
		    break	# This option has been used up
		}
	    }
	}
	if (Escape)
	    break
	# Do not delete arg until after processing of it, so that if it is not
	# recognized it can be left in ARGV[].
	delete argv[ArgNum]
	ArgsLeft--
    }
    if (compress != 0) {
	dest = 1
	src = argc - ArgsLeft + 1
	for (count = ArgsLeft - 1; count; count--) {
	    ARGV[dest] = ARGV[src]
	    dest++
	    src++
	}
    }
    return ArgsLeft
}

# Assignment to values in Options[] occurs only in this function.
# Option: Option specifier character.
# Value: Value to be assigned to option, if it takes a value.
# Options[]: Options array to return values in.
# ArgType: Argument type specifier character.
# GotValue: Whether any value is available to be assigned to this option.
# Name: Name of option being processed.
# OptionNum: Number of this option (starting with 1) if set in argv[],
#     or 0 if it was given in a config file or in the environment.
# SingleOpt: true if the value (if any) that is available for this option was
#     given as part of the same command line arg as the option.  Used only for
#     options from the command line.
# specGiven is the option specifier character use, if any (e.g. - or +),
# for use in error messages.
# Global variables: OptErr
# Return value: negative value on error, 0 if option did not require an
# argument, 1 if it did & used the whole arg, 2 if it required just one char of
# the arg.
# Current error values:
# -1: Option that required an argument did not get it.
# -2: Value of incorrect type supplied for option.
# -3: Bad type given for option &
function AssignVal(Option,Value,Options,ArgType,GotValue,Name,OptionNum,
SingleOpt,specGiven,  UsedValue,Err,NumTypes) {
    # If option takes a value...    [
    NumTypes = "*()#<>]"
    if (Option == "&" && ArgType !~ "[" NumTypes) {	# ]
	OptErr = "Bad type given for & option"
	return -3
    }

    if (UsedValue = (ArgType ~ "[:;" NumTypes)) {	# ]
	if (!GotValue) {
	    if (Name != "")
		OptErr = "Variable requires a value -- " Name
	    else
		OptErr = "option requires an argument -- " Option
	    return -1
	}
	if ((Err = CheckType(ArgType,Value,Option,Name,specGiven)) != "") {
	    OptErr = Err
	    return -2
	}
	# Mark this as a numeric variable; will be propogated to Options[] val.
	if (ArgType != ":" && ArgType != ";")
	    Value += 0
	if ((Instance = ++Options[Option,"count"]) > 1)
	    Options[Option,Instance] = Value
	else
	    Options[Option] = Value
    }
    # If this is an environ or rcfile assignment & it was given a value...
    else if (!OptionNum && Value != "") {
	UsedValue = 1
	# If the value is "0" or "-" and this is the first instance of it,
	# do not set Options[Option]; this allows an assignment in an rcfile to
	# turn off an option (for the simple "Option in Options" test) in such
	# a way that it cannot be turned on in a later file.
	if (!(Option in Options) && (Value == "0" || Value == "-"))
	    Instance = 1
	else
	    Instance = ++Options[Option]
	# Save the value even though this is a flag
	Options[Option,Instance] = Value
    }
    # If this is a command line flag and has a - following it in the same arg,
    # it is being turned off.
    else if (OptionNum && SingleOpt && substr(Value,1,1) == "-") {
	UsedValue = 2
	if (Option in Options)
	    Instance = ++Options[Option]
	else
	    Instance = 1
	Options[Option,Instance]
    }
    # If this is a flag assignment without a value, increment the count for the
    # flag unless it was turned off.  The indicator for a flag being turned off
    # is that the flag index has not been set in Options[] but it has an
    # instance count.
    else if (Option in Options || !((Option,1) in Options))
	# Increment number of times this flag seen; will inc null value to 1
	Instance = ++Options[Option]
    Options[Option,"num",Instance] = OptionNum
    return UsedValue
}

# Option is the option letter
# Value is the value being assigned
# Name is the var name of the option, if any
# ArgType is one of:
# :	String argument
# ;	Non-null string argument
# *	Floating point argument
# (	Non-negative floating point argument
# )	Positive floating point argument
# #	Integer argument
# <	Non-negative integer argument
# >	Positive integer argument
# specGiven is the option specifier character use, if any (e.g. - or +),
# for use in error messages.
# Returns null on success, err string on error
function CheckType(ArgType,Value,Option,Name,specGiven,  Err,ErrStr) {
    if (ArgType == ":")
	return ""
    if (ArgType == ";") {
	if (Value == "")
	    Err = "must be a non-empty string"
    }
    # A number begins with optional + or -, and is followed by a string of
    # digits or a decimal with digits before it, after it, or both
    else if (Value !~ /^[-+]?([0-9]+|[0-9]*\.[0-9]+|[0-9]+\.)$/)
	Err = "must be a number"
    else if (ArgType ~ "[#<>]" && Value ~ /\./)
	Err = "may not include a fraction"
    else if (ArgType ~ "[()<>]" && Value < 0)
	Err = "may not be negative"
    # (
    else if (ArgType ~ "[)>]" && Value == 0)
	Err = "must be a positive number"
    if (Err != "") {
	ErrStr = "Bad value \"" Value "\".  Value assigned to "
	if (Name != "")
	    return ErrStr "variable " substr(Name,1,1) " " Err
	else {
	    if (Option == "&")
		Option = Value
	    return ErrStr "option " specGiven substr(Option,1,1) " " Err
	}
    }
    else
	return ""
}

# Note: only the above functions are needed by ProcArgs.
# The rest of these functions call ProcArgs() and also do other
# option-processing stuff.

# Opts: Process command line arguments.
# Opts processes command line arguments using ProcArgs()
# and checks for errors.  If an error occurs, a message is printed
# and the program is exited.
#
# Input variables:
# Name is the name of the program, for error messages.
# Usage is a usage message, for error messages.
# OptList the option description string, as used by ProcArgs().
# MinArgs is the minimum number of non-option arguments that this
# program should have, non including ARGV[0] and +h.
# If the program does not require any non-option arguments,
# MinArgs should be omitted or given as 0.
# rcFiles, if given, is a colon-seprated list of filenames to read for
# variable initialization.  If a filename begins with ~/, the ~ is replaced
# by the value of the environment variable HOME.  If a filename begins with
# $, the part from the character after the $ up until (but not including)
# the first character not in [a-zA-Z0-9_] will be searched for in the
# environment; if found its value will be substituted, if not the filename will
# be discarded.
# rcfiles are read in the order given.
# Values given in them will not override values given on the command line,
# and values given in later files will not override those set in earlier
# files, because AssignVal() will store each with a different instance index.
# The first instance of each variable, either on the command line or in an
# rcfile, will be stored with no instance index, and this is the value
# normally used by programs that call this function.
# VarNames is a comma-separated list of variable names to map to options,
# in the same order as the options are given in OptList.
# If EnvSearch is given and nonzero, the first EnvSearch variables will also be
# searched for in the environment.  If set to -1, all values will be searched
# for in the environment.  Values given in the environment will override
# those given in the rcfiles but not those given on the command line.
# NoRCopt, if given, is an additional letter option that if given on the
# command line prevents the rcfiles from being read.
# See ProcArgs() for a description of AllowUnRecOpt and optChars, and
# ExclusiveOptions() for a description of exOpts.
# Special options:
# If x is made an option and is given, some debugging info is output.
# h is assumed to be the help option.

# Global variables:
# The command line arguments are taken from ARGV[].
# The arguments that are option specifiers and values are removed from
# ARGV[], leaving only ARGV[0] and the non-option arguments.
# The number of elements in ARGV[] should be in ARGC.
# After processing, ARGC is set to the number of elements left in ARGV[].
# The option values are put in Options[].
# On error, Err is set to a positive integer value so it can be checked for in
# an END block.
# Return value: The number of elements left in ARGV is returned.
# Must keep OptErr global since it may be set by InitOpts().
function Opts(Name,Usage,OptList,MinArgs,rcFiles,VarNames,EnvSearch,NoRCopt,
AllowUnrecOpt,optChars,exOpts,  ArgsLeft,e) {
    if (MinArgs == "")
	MinArgs = 0
    ArgsLeft = ProcArgs(ARGC,ARGV,OptList NoRCopt,Options,1,AllowUnrecOpt,
    optChars)
    if (ArgsLeft < (MinArgs+1) && !("h" in Options)) {
	if (ArgsLeft >= 0) {
	    OptErr = "Not enough arguments"
	    Err = 4
	}
	else
	    Err = -ArgsLeft
	printf "%s: %s.\nUse -h for help.\n%s\n",
	Name,OptErr,Usage > "/dev/stderr"
	exit 1
    }
    if (rcFiles != "" && (NoRCopt == "" || !(NoRCopt in Options)) &&
    (e = InitOpts(rcFiles,Options,OptList,VarNames,EnvSearch)) < 0)
    {
	print Name ": " OptErr ".\nUse -h for help." > "/dev/stderr"
	Err = -e
	exit 1
    }
    if ((exOpts != "") && ((OptErr = ExclusiveOptions(exOpts,Options)) != ""))
    {
	printf "%s: Error: %s\n",Name,OptErr > "/dev/stderr"
	Err = 1
	exit 1
    }
    return ArgsLeft
}

# ReadConfFile(): Read a file containing var/value assignments, in the form
# <variable-name><assignment-char><value>.
# Whitespace (spaces and tabs) around a variable (leading whitespace on the
# line and whitespace between the variable name and the assignment character) 
# is stripped.  Lines that do not contain an assignment operator or which
# contain a null variable name are ignored, other than possibly being noted in
# the return value.  If more than one assignment is made to a variable, the
# first assignment is used.
# Input variables:
# File is the file to read.
# Comment is the line-comment character.  If it is found as the first non-
#     whitespace character on a line, the line is ignored.
# Assign is the assignment string.  The first instance of Assign on a line
#     separates the variable name from its value.
# If StripWhite is true, whitespace around the value (whitespace between the
#     assignment char and trailing whitespace on the line) is stripped.
# VarPat is a pattern that variable names must match.  
#     Example: "^[a-zA-Z][a-zA-Z0-9]+$"
# If FlagsOK is true, variables are allowed to be "set" by being put alone on
#     a line; no assignment operator is needed.  These variables are set in
#     the output array with a null value.  Lines containing nothing but
#     whitespace are still ignored.
# Output variables:
# Values[] contains the assignments, with the indexes being the variable names
#     and the values being the assigned values.
# Lines[] contains the line number that each variable occured on.  A flag set
#     is record by giving it an index in Lines[] but not in Values[].
# Return value:
# If any errors occur, a string consisting of descriptions of the errors
# separated by newlines is returned.  In no case will the string start with a
# numeric value.  If no errors occur,  the number of lines read is returned.
function ReadConfigFile(Values,Lines,File,Comment,Assign,StripWhite,VarPat,
FlagsOK,
Line,Status,Errs,AssignLen,LineNum,Var,Val) {
    if (Comment != "")
	Comment = "^" Comment
    AssignLen = length(Assign)
    if (VarPat == "")
	VarPat = "."	# null varname not allowed
    while ((Status = (getline Line < File)) == 1) {
	LineNum++
	sub("^[ \t]+","",Line)
	if (Line == "")		# blank line
	    continue
	if (Comment != "" && Line ~ Comment)
	    continue
	if (Pos = index(Line,Assign)) {
	    Var = substr(Line,1,Pos-1)
	    Val = substr(Line,Pos+AssignLen)
	    if (StripWhite) {
		sub("^[ \t]+","",Val)
		sub("[ \t]+$","",Val)
	    }
	}
	else {
	    Var = Line	# If no value, var is entire line
	    Val = ""
	}
	if (!FlagsOK && Val == "") {
	    Errs = Errs \
	    sprintf("\nBad assignment on line %d of file %s: %s",
	    LineNum,File,Line)
	    continue
	}
	sub("[ \t]+$","",Var)
	if (Var !~ VarPat) {
	    Errs = Errs sprintf("\nBad variable name on line %d of file %s: %s",
	    LineNum,File,Var)
	    continue
	}
	if (!(Var in Lines)) {
	    Lines[Var] = LineNum
	    if (Pos)
		Values[Var] = Val
	}
    }
    if (Status)
	Errs = Errs "\nCould not read file " File
    close(File)
    return Errs == "" ? LineNum : substr(Errs,2)	# Skip first newline
}

# Variables:
# Data is stored in Options[].
# rcFiles, OptList, VarNames, and EnvSearch are as as described for Opts().
# Global vars:
# Sets OptErr.  Uses ENVIRON[].
# If anything is read from any of the rcfiles, sets READ_RCFILE to 1.
function InitOpts(rcFiles,Options,OptList,VarNames,EnvSearch,
Line,Var,Pos,Vars,Map,CharOpt,NumVars,TypesInd,Types,Type,Ret,i,rcFile,
fNames,numrcFiles,filesRead,Err,Values,retStr) {
    split("",filesRead,"")	# make awk know this is an array
    NumVars = split(VarNames,Vars,",")
    TypesInd = Ret = 0
    if (EnvSearch == -1)
	EnvSearch = NumVars
    for (i = 1; i <= NumVars; i++) {
	Var = Vars[i]
	CharOpt = substr(OptList,++TypesInd,1)
	if (CharOpt ~ "^[:;*()#<>&]$")
	    CharOpt = substr(OptList,++TypesInd,1)
	Map[Var] = CharOpt
	Types[Var] = Type = substr(OptList,TypesInd+1,1)
	# Do not overwrite entries from environment
	if (i <= EnvSearch && Var in ENVIRON &&
	(Err = AssignVal(CharOpt,ENVIRON[Var],Options,Type,1,Var,0)) < 0)
	    return Err
    }

    numrcFiles = split(rcFiles,fNames,":")
    for (i = 1; i <= numrcFiles; i++) {
	rcFile = fNames[i]
	if (rcFile ~ "^~/")
	    rcFile = ENVIRON["HOME"] substr(rcFile,2)
	else if (rcFile ~ /^\$/) {
	    rcFile = substr(rcFile,2)
	    match(rcFile,"^[a-zA-Z0-9_]*")
	    envvar = substr(rcFile,1,RLENGTH)
	    if (envvar in ENVIRON)
		rcFile = ENVIRON[envvar] substr(rcFile,RLENGTH+1)
	    else
		continue
	}
	if (rcFile in filesRead)
	    continue
	# rcfiles are liable to be given more than once, e.g. UHOME and HOME
	# may be the same
	filesRead[rcFile]
	if ("x" in Options)
	    printf "Reading configuration file %s\n",rcFile > "/dev/stderr"
	retStr = ReadConfigFile(Values,Lines,rcFile,"#","=",0,"",1)
	if (retStr > 0)
	    READ_RCFILE = 1
	else if (ret != "") {
	    OptErr = retStr
	    Ret = -1
	}
	for (Var in Lines)
	    if (Var in Map) {
		if ((Err = AssignVal(Map[Var],
		Var in Values ? Values[Var] : "",Options,Types[Var],
		Var in Values,Var,0)) < 0)
		    return Err
	    }
	    else {
		OptErr = sprintf(\
		"Unknown var \"%s\" assigned to on line %d\nof file %s",Var,
		Lines[Var],rcFile)
		Ret = -1
	    }
    }

    if ("x" in Options)
	for (Var in Map)
	    if (Map[Var] in Options)
		printf "(%s) %s=%s\n",Map[Var],Var,Options[Map[Var]] > \
		"/dev/stderr"
	    else
		printf "(%s) %s not set\n",Map[Var],Var > "/dev/stderr"
    return Ret
}

# OptSets is a semicolon-separated list of sets of option sets.
# Within a list of option sets, the option sets are separated by commas.  For
# each set of sets, if any option in one of the sets is in Options[] AND any
# option in one of the other sets is in Options[], an error string is returned.
# If no conflicts are found, nothing is returned.
# Example: if OptSets = "ab,def,g;i,j", an error will be returned due to
# the exclusions presented by the first set of sets (ab,def,g) if:
# (a or b is in Options[]) AND (d, e, or f is in Options[]) OR
# (a or b is in Options[]) AND (g is in Options) OR
# (d, e, or f is in Options[]) AND (g is in Options)
# An error will be returned due to the exclusions presented by the second set
# of sets (i,j) if: (i is in Options[]) AND (j is in Options[]).
# todo: make options given on command line unset options given in config file
# todo: that they conflict with.
function ExclusiveOptions(OptSets,Options,
Sets,SetSet,NumSets,Pos1,Pos2,Len,s1,s2,c1,c2,ErrStr,L1,L2,SetSets,NumSetSets,
SetNum,OSetNum) {
    NumSetSets = split(OptSets,SetSets,";")
    # For each set of sets...
    for (SetSet = 1; SetSet <= NumSetSets; SetSet++) {
	# NumSets is the number of sets in this set of sets.
	NumSets = split(SetSets[SetSet],Sets,",")
	# For each set in a set of sets except the last...
	for (SetNum = 1; SetNum < NumSets; SetNum++) {
	    s1 = Sets[SetNum]
	    L1 = length(s1)
	    for (Pos1 = 1; Pos1 <= L1; Pos1++)
		# If any of the options in this set was given, check whether
		# any of the options in the other sets was given.  Only check
		# later sets since earlier sets will have already been checked
		# against this set.
		if ((c1 = substr(s1,Pos1,1)) in Options)
		    for (OSetNum = SetNum+1; OSetNum <= NumSets; OSetNum++) {
			s2 = Sets[OSetNum]
			L2 = length(s2)
			for (Pos2 = 1; Pos2 <= L2; Pos2++)
			    if ((c2 = substr(s2,Pos2,1)) in Options)
				ErrStr = ErrStr "\n"\
				sprintf("Cannot give both %s and %s options.",
				c1,c2)
		    }
	}
    }
    if (ErrStr != "")
	return substr(ErrStr,2)
    return ""
}

# The value of each instance of option Opt that occurs in Options[] is made an
# index of Set[].
# The return value is the number of instances of Opt in Options.
function Opt2Set(Options,Opt,Set,  count) {
    if (!(Opt in Options))
	return 0
    Set[Options[Opt]]
    count = Options[Opt,"count"]
    for (; count > 1; count--)
	Set[Options[Opt,count]]
    return count
}

# The value of each instance of option Opt that occurs in Options[] that
# begins with "!" is made an index of nSet[] (with the ! stripped from it).
# Other values are made indexes of Set[].
# The return value is the number of instances of Opt in Options.
function Opt2Sets(Options,Opt,Set,nSet,  count,aSet,ret) {
    ret = Opt2Set(Options,Opt,aSet)
    for (value in aSet)
	if (substr(value,1,1) == "!")
	    nSet[substr(value,2)]
	else
	    Set[value]
    return ret
}

# Returns true if option Opt was given on the command line.
function CmdLineOpt(Options,Opt,  i) {
    for (i = 1; (Opt,"num",i) in Options; i++)
	if (Options[Opt,"num",i] != 0)
	    return 1
    return 0
}
### End of ProcArgs library
### Begin head-tail routines

# @(#) HeadTail.awk 96/05/09
# 95/04/28 Added tail routines.
# 96/05/09 Added all args to HeadTailInit()

# Turn on screen-bounded printing.
# Current implementation sets global vars LINES, COLUMNS, LINEGAP, and COLGAP.
# Sets the number of screen lines and rows to Lines and Rows.
# If -1 is passed for either, turns off bounding in that dimension.
# If either is not set or 0 is passed for it, its value is taken from the
# environment, or if not set there, from terminfo, or if not set there, from
# the defaults (24 and 80).
# By default, the other functions in this library leave a "grace space" of
# 1 column and 1 line.  If LineGap or ColGap is passed and is a non-negative
# value, the line gap is set to it.
function HeadTailInit(Lines,Cols,LineGap,ColGap,  Cmd) {
    # tput will use values in environment, but we want to avoid running
    # it if possible.
    if (Cols > 0)
	COLUMNS = Cols
    else if (!Cols)
	if ("COLUMNS" in ENVIRON)
	    COLUMNS = ENVIRON["COLUMNS"]
	else {
	    Cmd = "exec tput cols"
	    Cmd | getline COLUMNS
	    close(Cmd)
	    if (COLUMNS == "")
		COLUMNS = 80
	}
    if (Lines > 0)
	LINES = Lines
    else if (!Lines)
	if ("LINES" in ENVIRON)
	    LINES = ENVIRON["LINES"]
	else {
	    Cmd = "exec tput lines"
	    Cmd | getline LINES
	    close(Cmd)
	    if (LINES == "")
		LINES = 24
	}
    LINEGAP = (LineGap != "" && LineGap >= 0) ? LineGap : 1
    COLGAP = (ColGap != "" && ColGap >= 0) ? ColGap : 1
}

# Do screen-bound printing.  
# If LINES  is >0, the last LINES-LINEGAP lines are kept in a circular buffer.  
# When TailFlush() is called, they are printed.
# If LINES = 0, all lines are printed immediately.
# If COLUMNS is >0, truncates Line to COLUMNS-COLGAP characters before printing
# it.
# Global vars: uses LINES & COLUMNS; sets/uses TailPtr;
# saves lines in TailLines[] from 1..LINES-LINEGAP
# Embedded newlines split the line into multiple lines; trailing newlines are
# stripped.  Tabs are expanded to spaces.
function TailPrint(Line) {
    if (!LINES)
	print Line
    else {
	if (++TailPtr > (LINES-LINEGAP))
	    TailPtr = 1
	TailLines[TailPtr] = Line
    }
}

function TailFlush(  NumPrinted,Lines,Line,i,Buffer,PrintLines) {
    if (!LINES)
	return
    NumPrinted = 0
    PrintLines = LINES-LINEGAP
    # Since lines may contain multiple lines, we must create a buffer to be
    # printed by reading line buffer backwards.
    # Stop when we have copied enough lines, or if we wrap around to the end
    # and find that the entire line buffer was not used.
    while (NumPrinted < PrintLines && TailPtr in TailLines) {
	# Split line into individual lines, then process them last to first
	Num = split(TailLines[TailPtr],Lines,"\n")
	for (i = Num; i >= 1; i--) {
	    Line = Lines[i]
	    if (i == Num && Line == "")	# discard trailing newline
		continue
	    # Put this line at the front of the print buffer
	    if (COLUMNS)
		Buffer = substr(TabEx(Line),1,COLUMNS - COLGAP) "\n" Buffer
	    else
		Buffer = Line "\n" Buffer
	    if (++NumPrinted == PrintLines)
		break
	}
	if (!--TailPtr)	# Wrap pointer if neccessary
	    TailPtr = PrintLines
    }
    printf "%s",Buffer
}

# Do screen-bound printing.  
# If LINES >0, returns 0 when LINES-LINEGAP lines have been printed by
# HeadPrint().  Otherwise returns 1.
# If COLUMNS is >0, truncates Line to COLUMNS-COLGAP characters before printing
# it.
# Global vars: uses LINES, COLUMNS, LINEGAP, COLGAP; sets/uses LinesPrinted.
# Line should not include newlines.
function HeadPrint(Line) {
    # Check first, in case some calls of this function to not check return
    # value, and in case LINES is 1.
    if (LINES && LinesPrinted >= (LINES-LINEGAP))
	return 0
    if (COLUMNS)
	print substr(Line,1,COLUMNS - COLGAP)
    else
	print Line
    if (LINES && ++LinesPrinted >= (LINES-LINEGAP))
	return 0
    return 1
}

function ColPrint(Line) {
    if (COLUMNS)
	print substr(Line,1,COLUMNS - COLGAP)
    else
	print Line
    return 1
}

### End head-tail routines
### Begin qsort routines

# Arr[] is an array of values with arbitrary indices.
# k[] is returned with numeric indices 1..n.
# The values in k[] are the indices of Arr[],
# ordered so that if Arr[] is stepped through
# in the order Arr[k[1]] .. Arr[k[n]], it will be stepped
# through in order of the values of its elements.
# The return value is the number of elements in the arrays (n).
function qsortArbIndByValue(Arr,k,  ArrInd,ElNum) {
    ElNum = 0
    for (ArrInd in Arr)
	k[++ElNum] = ArrInd
    qsortSegment(Arr,k,1,ElNum)
    return ElNum
}

# Sort a segment of an array.
# Arr[] contains data with arbitrary indices.
# k[] has indices 1..nelem, with the indices of arr[] as values.
# This function sorts the elements of arr that are pointed to by
# k[start..end], swapping the values of elements of k[] so that
# when this function returns arr[k[start..end]] will be in order.
function qsortSegment(Arr,k,start,end,  left,right,sepval,tmp,tmpe,tmps) {
    # handle two-element case explicitly for a tiny speedup
    if ((end - start) == 1) {
	if (Arr[tmps = k[start]] > Arr[tmpe = k[end]]) {
	    k[start] = tmpe
	    k[end] = tmps
	}
	return
    }
    # Make sure comparisons act on these as numbers
    left = start+0
    right = end+0
    sepval = Arr[k[int((left + right) / 2)]]
    # Make every element <= sepval be to the left of every element > sepval
    while (left < right) {
	while (Arr[k[left]] < sepval)
	    left++
	while (Arr[k[right]] > sepval)
	    right--
	if (left < right) {
	    tmp = k[left]
	    k[left++] = k[right]
	    k[right--] = tmp
	}
    }
    if (left == right)
	if (Arr[k[left]] < sepval)
	    left++
	else
	    right--
    if (start < right)
	qsortSegment(Arr,k,start,right)
    if (left < end)
	qsortSegment(Arr,k,left,end)
}

# Arr[] is an array of values with arbitrary indices.
# k[] is returned with numeric indices 1..n.
# The values in k are the indices of Arr[],
# ordered so that if Arr[] is stepped through
# in the order Arr[k[1]] .. Arr[k[n]], it will be stepped
# through in order of the values of its indices.
# The return value is the number of elements in the arrays (n).
# If the indexes are numeric, Numeric should be true, so that they can be
# compared as such rather than as strings.  Numeric indexes do not have to be
# contiguous.
function qsortByArbIndex(Arr,k,Numeric,  ArrInd,ElNum) {
    ElNum = 0
    if (Numeric)
	# Indexes do not preserve numeric type, so must be forced
	for (ArrInd in Arr)
	    k[++ElNum] = ArrInd+0
    else
	for (ArrInd in Arr)
	    k[++ElNum] = ArrInd
    qsortNumIndByValue(k,1,ElNum)
    return ElNum
}

# Arr is an array of elements with contiguous numeric indexes to be sorted
# by value.
# start and end are the starting and ending indexes of the range to be sorted.
function qsortNumIndByValue(Arr,start,end,  left,right,sepval,tmp,tmpe,tmps) {
    # handle two-element case explicitly for a tiny speedup
    if ((start - end) == 1) {
	if ((tmps = Arr[start]) > (tmpe = Arr[end])) {
	    Arr[start] = tmpe
	    Arr[end] = tmps
	}
	return
    }
    left = start+0
    right = end+0
    sepval = Arr[int((left + right) / 2)]
    while (left < right) {
	while (Arr[left] < sepval)
	    left++
	while (Arr[right] > sepval)
	    right--
	if (left <= right) {
	    tmp = Arr[left]
	    Arr[left++] = Arr[right]
	    Arr[right--] = tmp
	}
    }
    if (start < right)
	qsortNumIndByValue(Arr,start,right)
    if (left < end)
	qsortNumIndByValue(Arr,left,end)
}

### End qsort routines

# Put a list of login shells (from /etc/shells) into set LoginShells[].
# Returns -1 if /etc/shells could not be read, else the number of shells found.
function ReadShells(LoginShells,  ret,Num,Line) {
    while (ret = ((getline Line < "/etc/shells") == 1))
	if (Line ~ "^/") {
	    Num++
	    sub(/[ \t]+/,"",Line)
	    LoginShells[Line]
	}
    close("/etc/shells")
    _DidReadShells = 1
    return ret ? -1 : Num
}

# Makes array shellUser[], indexed by user name, tell whether that each user
# has a shell in /etc/shells.
# Returns 1 on success, 0 if there is a problem reading /etc/shells or
# /etc/passwd.
function makeShellUser(shellUser,  LoginShells,ret,oFS) {
    if (ReadShells(LoginShells) < 0)
	return 0
    oFS = FS
    FS = ":"
    while (ret = ((getline < "/etc/passwd") == 1))
	shellUser[$1] = ($7 in LoginShells)
    close("/etc/passwd")
    FS = oFS
    return !ret
}
### Begin ps lib
# getPS 1.1	
# 96/10/09	john h. dubois iii (john@armory.com)
# 96/02/11	Added Debug flag.
# 96/05/09	Added COMM field.
# 96/05/23	Added selection args, and saving of "ps" PID.
# 96/05/25	Added makePSline()
# 96/10/09	Added RUSER field.
# 96/12/14	Added CMDT field.

# Note: makePSline() needs assign() from array lib.
# to do: generalize based on -o args to 5.0 ps

# Do a ps -f and save the output into an array, indexed by pid and field name.
# Input vars:
# Fields: Comma-separated list of fields to put in Procs.
# If Debug is true, debugging info is output.
# selectionArgs may be set to ps options that will report on selected processes
# (e.g. -usomeone -ttty01)
# The default for selectionArgs is -e, which causes information on all
# processes to be recorded.
#
# Output vars:
# PIDs[]: the set of all PIDs seen.
# Also, the element with index "ps" is set to the PID for the ps process.
# Procs[pid,fieldname]: output by field.
#
# Possible fields are:
# UID: User ID; name if available, else number.
# RUSER: Real user ID; name if available, else number.  Only available under
#       5.0, and cannot be requested along with UID.
# PPID: Parent process ID.
# C: CPU scheduling.
# STIME: Start time.  If the start time in the ps output contains a space,
# it is replaced with a "-".  "-" is returned for a defunct process.
# TTY: tty name; may or may not have leading "tty" part.  "-" for defunct proc;
# "?" for proc with no controlling tty.
# TIME: CPU time used.
# CMD: First element of arg vector.
# CMDT: Like CMD, but just the tail (leading path components removed), unless
#       the path ends with /, in which case it is identical to CMD.
# ARGS: Entire (truncated) arg vector (command + args).
# LINE: Entire ps output line.
# COMM: Process accounting name of process: the name of the executable file,
#       without path.  This is only available under 5.0, and cannot be
#       requested along with CMD/CMDT or ARGS.
#
# The header line read is also put in Procs with the index "Header".
# The PIDs of the children of each process are put in a comma-separated list
# in Children[pid].
# Return value: the number of processes found, or -2 if an invalid field name
# is passed, or -1 if an error occurs reading from ps.
# Globals: FS is set to " "
#
# ps -f produces output in these forms, under various conditions & releases:
#     UID   PID  PPID  C    STIME     TTY        TIME CMD
#    root 10118 10107  2   Jan-03   ttyp0    00:00:05 -ksh
#    root 10118 10107  2   Jan 03   ttyp0    00:00:05 -ksh
#    root 18197     1  0 08:02:56   ttyp0    00:00:03 /usr/bin/X11/scoterm -geo
function getPS(PIDs,Procs,Fields,Children,Debug,selectionArgs,
stimeI,pidI,ttyI,ppidI,WantLine,psArgs,psSet,newPS,
FieldNames,Wanted,Cmd,getI,Field2Ind,i,Name,Lines,WantArgs,Header,CmdIndex,fn,
wantCmdt) {
    FS = " "	# magic pattern to reset FS to its default special behaviour
    split("UID,PID,PPID,C,STIME,TTY,TIME,CMD",FieldNames,",")
    # psSet[] maps field number to field name
    split("user,pid,ppid,c,stime,tty,time,args",psSet,",")
    # Alt[] maps new ps field names to field numbers
    Alt["RUSER"] = 1
    Alt["COMM"] = 8
    FieldNames[0] = "LINE"
    for (i in FieldNames)	# Field2Ind[] maps field names to field numbers
	Field2Ind[FieldNames[i]] = i
    split(Fields,Wanted,",")
    pidI = Field2Ind["PID"]
    ppidI = Field2Ind["PPID"]
    stimeI = Field2Ind["STIME"]
    ttyI = Field2Ind["TTY"]
    timeI = Field2Ind["TIME"]
    cmdI = Field2Ind["CMD"]
    psArgs = "-f"
    for (i in Wanted) {
	Name = Wanted[i]
	if (Debug)
	    printf "Asked for %s\n",Name > "/dev/stderr"
	# getI[] is made to contain the indices of fields to record
	if (Name == "ARGS")
	    WantArgs = 1
	else if (Name == "LINE")
	    WantLine = 1
	else if (Name == "CMDT")
	    wantCmdt = 1
	else if (Name in Alt) {		# New ps fields
	    newPS = 1
	    # Change the name of this field to that of the alternate requested
	    psSet[Alt[Name]] = tolower(Name)
	    fn = Field2Ind[Name] = Alt[Name] # Map this name to its field number
	    getI[fn]
	    FieldNames[fn] = Name
	}
	else if (Name in Field2Ind)
	    getI[Field2Ind[Name]]
	else
	    return -2
    }
    if (newPS) {
	psArgs = ""
	for (i = 1; i in psSet; i++)
	    psArgs = psArgs " -o" psSet[i]
    }
    Lines = 0
    if (selectionArgs == "")
	selectionArgs = "-e"
    Cmd = "echo $$; exec /bin/ps " selectionArgs " " psArgs " < /dev/null"
    if ((Cmd | getline PIDs["ps"]) != 1)
	return -1
    if ((Cmd | getline Header) != 1)
	return -1
    Procs["Header"] = Header
    if (!(CmdIndex = index(Header,"CMD")) &&
    !(CmdIndex = index(Header,"COMMAND")))
	return -1
    while ((Cmd | getline) == 1) {
	PIDs[pid = $pidI]
	if (Debug)
	    printf "Process %d (%d fields): %s\n",pid,NF,$0 > "/dev/stderr"
	ppid = $ppidI
	if (ppid in Children)
	    Children[ppid] = Children[ppid] "," pid
	else
	    Children[ppid] = pid
	if (WantArgs)
	    Procs[pid,"ARGS"] = substr($0,CmdIndex)
	# Handle this as a special case so that it can be set before the
	# line is (possibly) modified
	if (WantLine)
	    Procs[pid,"LINE"] = $0
	# Time field with either contain a : (time), a - (new date format),
	# or neither, in which case it occupies 2 fields (old date format).
	if (NF == 6) {	# old ps defunct proc
	    # Assign new values to fields, from right to left to avoid
	    # overwriting fields before value is moved
	    $cmdI = $ttyI
	    $timeI = $stimeI
	    $ttyI = "-"
	    $stimeI = "-"
	}
	if ($stimeI !~ "[-:]") {
	    if (!timePos)
		timePos = index($0,$stimeI)
	    # Replace space in stime field with "-"
	    $0 = substr($0,1,timePos+2) "-" substr($0,timePos+5)
	}
	if (wantCmdt) {
	    Procs[pid,"CMDT"] = $cmdI
	    if ($cmdI !~ "/$")
		sub(".*/","",Procs[pid,"CMDT"])
	}
	for (i in getI) {
	    Procs[pid,FieldNames[i]] = $i
	    if (Debug)
		printf "%s=%s ",FieldNames[i],$i > "/dev/stderr"
	}
	if (Debug)
	    print "" > "/dev/stderr"
	Lines++
    }
    close(Cmd)
    return Lines
}

# makePSline: generate a line containing desired fields from ps data.
# pid is the ID of the process to generate a line for.
# If a pid of -1 is passed, a header line is returned.
# Procs[] is the ps data, as generated by getPS().
# Fields[] is the set of fields desired in the output, with indexes starting
#    at 1.  The values are field names as e.g. passed to getPS().
# Sep is the separator to put between fields.  If null, a single space is used.
# Return value: a line consisting of the fields requested, in the order of
# their indices in Fields[].
# Example:
# split("UID,PID,PPID,C,STIME,TTY,TIME,CMD",FieldNames,",")
# makePSline(pid,psOut,FieldNames)
function makePSline(pid,Procs,Fields,Sep,  i,fieldName,line,width,value) {
    if (Sep == "")
	Sep = " "
    if (!("PID" in _makePSlineWidths))
	# Make TIME before right-adjusted; some versions of ps drop leading
	# 0 fields from it.
	Assign(_makePSlineWidths,
	"UID=-8 PID=5 PPID=5 C=1 STIME=-8 TTY=-4 TIME=8 COMM=-8"," ","=")
    for (i = 1; i in Fields; i++) {
	fieldName = Fields[i]
	if (fieldName in _makePSlineWidths)
	    width = _makePSlineWidths[fieldName]
	else
	    width = ""
	if (pid == -1)
	    value = fieldName
	else if (fieldName == "PID")
	    value = pid
	else
	    value = Procs[pid,fieldName]
	if (fieldName == "TTY")
	    sub("^tty","",value)
	line = line Sep sprintf("%" width "s",value)
    }
    return substr(line,length(Sep)+1)
}

### End ps lib
### Begin set library
# 96/05/23 added return values  jhdiii
# 96/05/25 added set2list()
# 97/01/26 Added AOnly(), Exclusive()

# Return value: the number of new elements added to Inter
function Intersection(A,B,Inter,  Elem,Count) {
    for (Elem in A)
	if (Elem in B && !(Elem in Inter)) {
	    Inter[Elem]
	    Count++
	}
    return Count
}

# Any element that is in A or B but not both and which is not already in
# Excl is added to Excl.
# Return value: the number of new elements added to Excl
function Exclusive(A,B,Excl) {
    return AOnly(A,B,Excl) + AOnly(B,A,Excl)
}

# Any element that is in A and not in B or aOnly is added to aOnly.
# Return value: the number of new elements added to aOnly.
function AOnly(A,B,aOnly,  Elem,Count) {
    for (Elem in A)
	if (!(Elem in B) && !(Elem in aOnly)) {
	    aOnly[Elem]
	    Count++
	}
    return Count
}

# Return value: the number of new elements added to Both
function Union(A,B,Both) {
    return CopySet(A,Both) + CopySet(B,Both)
}

# Deletes any elements that are in both Minuend and Subtrahend from Minuend.
# Return value: the number of elements deleted.
function SubtractSet(Minuend,Subtrahend,  Elem,nDel) {
    for (Elem in Subtrahend)
	if (Elem in Minuend) {
	    delete Minuend[Elem]
	    nDel++
	}
    return nDel
}

# Return value: the number of new elements added to To
function CopySet(From,To,  Elem,n) {
    for (Elem in From)
	if (!(Elem in To)) {
	    To[Elem]
	    n++
	}
    return n
}

# Returns 1 if Set is empty, 0 if not.
function IsEmpty(Set,  i) {
    for (i in Set)
	return 0
    return 1
}

# MakeSet: make a set from a list.
# An index with the name of each element of the list is created in the given
# array.
# Input variables:
# Elements is a string containing the list of elements.
# Sep is the character that separates the elements of the list.
# Output variables:
# Set is the array.
# Return value: the number of new elements added to the set.
function MakeSet(Set,Elements,Sep,  i,Num,Names,nFound,ind) {
    nFound = 0
    Num = split(Elements,Names,Sep)
    for (i = 1; i <= Num; i++) {
	ind = Names[i]
	if (!(ind in Set)) {
	    Set[ind]
	    nFound++
	}
    }
    return nFound
}

# Returns the number of elements in set Set
function NumElem(Set,  elem,Num) {
    for (elem in Set)
	Num++
    return Num
}

# Remove all elements from Set
function DeleteAll(Set,  i) {
    split("",Set,",")
}

# Returns a list of all of the elements in Set[], with each pair of elements
# separated by Sep.
function set2list(Set,Sep,  list,elem) {
    for (elem in Set)
	list = list Sep elem
    return substr(list,2)	# skip 1st separator
}
### End set library